CBD - Cannabidiol
What is it?
CBD (cannabidiol) is a plant-derived compound from Cannabis species. For pets, the THC that causes the intoxicating (“high”) effects has been removed. CBD interacts indirectly with the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in regulation of mood, stress, sleep, pain perception, and inflammation.
Why is it used?
In veterinary medicine, CBD is sometimes used as an additional option for anxiety-related conditions, chronic pain (particularly osteoarthritis), and in some cases for general stress modulation. Evidence is still emerging and results are variable between individuals. It is not a first-line treatment for behavioural disorders, but may be considered as part of a broader management plan when standard therapies are insufficient or not tolerated.
How is it used?
CBD is typically used as a daily medication rather than a “situational” treatment, as its effects are generally gradual rather than immediate. It may take days to weeks of consistent use before effects are observed. Dosing is individualised and may require adjustment over time based on response and tolerability. It should only be used under veterinary direction.
How is it given?
CBD is most commonly available as an oral oil, capsule, or paste. The formulation and concentration can vary significantly between products, which can affect reliability of dosing. Veterinary-prescribed preparations are preferred where available due to more consistent quality control.
What are the effects?
Potential effects may include mild reduction in anxiety, increased calmness, and in some cases improved comfort in painful conditions. Some animals show no noticeable change. Possible side effects include sedation, gastrointestinal upset (vomiting or diarrhoea), reduced appetite, or mild lethargy. At higher doses, liver enzyme changes have been reported in some cases, so monitoring may be recommended in long-term use.
Can I use this medication with other supplements?
CBD is often used alongside other medications, including behaviour medications and supplements, but interactions are possible. It may affect metabolism of certain drugs through liver enzyme pathways. Caution is advised when combined with other sedating agents or medications metabolised through similar liver pathways. Veterinary supervision is important when used in combination protocols.
Where do I get it?
In Australia, CBD products for animals may be prescribed by a veterinarian as a Schedule 4 medication (depending on formulation and THC content), and are strictly regulated as impure CBD is dangerous for pets. Quality and legality vary significantly between products, and veterinary-prescribed preparations are strongly recommended over over-the-counter or unregulated products due to consistency and safety considerations.
Off label use
In Australia, there are very few medications specifically registered for treating behavioural conditions in animals. Many of the treatments used in veterinary behavioural medicine are therefore used “off label”. CBD is included in this category when used for behavioural indications. While there is a growing body of research, evidence is still developing and responses can be variable.
If CBD is being used as part of a behaviour or medical plan, it is important to understand that it is an adjunctive therapy rather than a standalone treatment, and should be used within a structured veterinary-guided management plan.